Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays PDF

Louis Pierre Althusser (Französisch: 16. Oktober 1918 – 22. Oktober 1990) war ein französischer marxistischer Philosoph. Er wurde in Algerien geboren und studierte an der École normale supérieure in Paris, wo er schließlich Professor für Philosophie wurde. Althusser war langjähriges Mitglied und zeitweise ein scharfer Kritiker der Kommunistischen Partei Frankreichs (Parti communiste français, PCF). Seine Argumente und Thesen wurden den Bedrohungen gegenübergestellt, die er als Angriff auf die theoretischen Grundlagen des Marxismus sah. Dazu gehörten sowohl der Einfluss des Empirismus auf die marxistische Theorie als auch humanistische und reformsozialistische Orientierungen, die sich in Spaltungen in den europäischen kommunistischen Parteien manifestierten, sowie das Problem des Personenkults und der Ideologie. Althusser wird allgemein als struktureller Marxist bezeichnet, obwohl seine Beziehung zu anderen Schulen des französischen Strukturalismus keine einfache Zugehörigkeit ist und er viele Aspekte des Strukturalismus kritisierte. Das Leben von Althusser war von Perioden intensiver Geisteskrankheit geprägt. 1980 tötete er seine Frau, die Soziologin Hélène Rytmann, indem er sie erwürgte. Er wurde wegen Geisteskrankheit für verhandlungsunfähig erklärt und für drei Jahre in eine psychiatrische Klinik eingewiesen. Er machte wenig weitere akademische Arbeit und starb 1990.

Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays pdf von Louis Althusser

No figure among the western Marxist theoreticians has loomed larger in the postwar period than Louis Althusser. A rebel against the Catholic tradition in which he was raised, Althusser studied philosophy and later joined both the faculty of the Ecole normal superieure and the French Communist Party in 1948. Viewed as a "structuralist Marxist," Althusser was as much admired for his independence of intellect as he was for his rigorous defense of Marx. The latter was best illustrated in For Marx (1965), and Reading Capital (1968). These works, along with Lenin and Philosophy (1971) had an enormous influence on the New Left of the 1960s and continues to influence modern Marxist scholarship.
This classic work, which to date has sold more than 30,000 copies, covers the range of Louis Althusser's interests and contributions in philosophy, economics, psychology, aesthetics, and political science.
Marx, in Althusser's view, was subject in his earlier writings to the ruling ideology of his day. Thus for Althusser, the interpretation of Marx involves a repudiation of all efforts to draw from Marx's early writings a view of Marx as a "humanist" and "historicist."
Lenin and Philosophy also contains Althusser's essay on Lenin's study of Hegel; a major essay on the state, "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," "Freud and Lacan: A letter on Art in Reply to Andr Daspre," and "Cremonini, Painter of the Abstract." The book opens with a 1968 interview in which Althusser discusses his personal, political, and intellectual history.
"I am glad to be able to extend a few words of welcome to the reader who does me the honour of opening this book. 1 trust him : he will understand the political, ideological and theoretical arguments which inspired the already old philosophical essays in the Appendix ; he will discern in them an internal evolution and displacement giving rise to
the new Theses which appear in 'Lenin and Philosophy',  Preface to Capital Volume One' and 'Ideology and Ideo logical State Apparatuses'; he will realize that it is in the direction opened by the indications in these last texts that I now feel it necessary to pursue an investigation which I began more than fifteen years ago."