Francis Bacon: Ein englischer Schriftsteller und Philosoph und einer der Pioniere der modernen Philosophie, seine Philosophie verursachte eine große wissenschaftliche Revolution und ging über die aristotelische und aristotelische Analogie hinaus.
Francis Bacon wurde 1561 n. Chr. geboren, seine Mutter übernahm seine Ausbildung seit seiner Kindheit, da ihr Vater Lehrer der königlichen Familie war, und sprach fließend Griechisch, Latein, Italienisch, Französisch und verfügt über eine kulturelle und breite, sowie die Theologiefunktionalität lehren.
Francis Bacon trat 1573 n. Chr. der University of Cambridge bei, verließ sie jedoch schnell, ohne einen wissenschaftlichen Abschluss zu erlangen; Die Lehrpläne, in denen sie unterrichtet werden, zu verachten, weil sie sich hauptsächlich auf die Philosophie des Aristoteles stützen, die er für theoretisch und nutzlos hält.
Bacon zog nach Frankreich und mischte sich in alle politischen und kulturellen Kreise und arbeitete in der englischen Botschaft in Paris, kehrte dann nach seinem Tod nach England zurück und schloss sich ihnen an. Er war bekannt für seine Beredsamkeit, Beredsamkeit und Argumentationsstärke, und er stand Königin Elizabeth in seiner Eigenschaft als Kanzler der britischen Krone und für seinen Spitznamen "The Queen" wegen seiner Herablassung nahe.
Bacon erlitt einen Rückschlag, an dem er an politischem Gewicht verlor, nachdem er seiner politischen Ämter enthoben wurde, nachdem er der Bestechung beschuldigt wurde, für vier Tage inhaftiert wurde und dann eine königliche Begnadigung erhielt, und am Ende seiner wichtigsten Werke, einschließlich : «die Geschichte der Herrschaft von König Heinrich VII» im Jahr 1622 und sechs Artikel zur Naturgeschichte mit dem Titel «Die Geschichte der Winde».
Bacon blieb seiner Forschung und seinen Experimenten treu, bis er 1626 n. Chr. an einer akuten Lungenentzündung starb, die während des Verfahrens einer starken Erkältung ausgesetzt war.
The New Organon Buch pdf lesen und herunterladen von Francis Bacon
The New Organon or True Directions concerning the interpretation of Nature by Francis Bacon. The Novum Organum, full original title Novum Organum Scientiarum, is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title translates as new instrument, i.e. new instrument of science. This is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In Novum Organum, Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method. For Bacon, finding the essence of a thing was a simple process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning. In finding the cause of a phenomenal nature such as heat, one must list all of the situations where heat is found. Then another list should be drawn up, listing situations that are similar to those of the first list except for the lack of heat. A third table lists situations where heat can vary. The form nature, or cause, of heat must be that which is common to all instances in the first table, is lacking from all instances of the second table and varies by degree in instances of the third table. The title page of Novum Organum depicts a galleon passing between the mythical Pillars of Hercules that stand either side of the Strait of Gibraltar, marking the exit from the well-charted waters of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic Ocean. The Pillars, as the boundary of the Mediterranean, have been smashed through opening a new world for exploration. Bacon hopes that empirical investigation will, similarly, smash the old scientific ideas and lead to greater understanding of the world and heavens. The Latin tag across the bottom ("Multi pertransibunt & augebitur scientia") is taken from Daniel 12:4. It means: "Many will travel and knowledge will be increased". Those who have taken upon them to lay down the law of nature as a thing already searched out and understood, whether they have spoken in simple assurance or professional affectation, have therein done philosophy and the sciences great injury. For as they have been successful in inducing belief, so they have been effective in quenching and stopping inquiry; and have done more harm by spoiling and putting an end to other men's efforts than good by their own. Those on the other hand who have taken a contrary course, and asserted that absolutely nothing can be known - whether it were from hatred of the ancient sophists, or from uncertainty and fluctuation of mind, or even from a kind of fullness of learning, that they fell upon this opinion - have certainly advanced reasons for it that are not to be despised; but yet they have neither started from true principles nor rested in the just conclusion, zeal and affectation having carried them much too far. The more ancient of the Greeks (whose writings are lost) took up with better judgment a position between these two extremes - between the presumption of pronouncing on everything, and the despair of comprehending anything; and though frequently and bitterly complaining of the difficulty of inquiry and the obscurity of things, and like impatient horses champing at the bit, they did not the less follow up their object and engage with nature, thinking (it seems) that this very question - viz., whether or not anything can be known - was to be settled not by arguing, but by trying. And yet they too, trusting entirely to the force of their understanding, applied no rule, but made everything turn upon hard thinking and perpetual working and exercise of the mind.