Arthur Schopenhauer is a German philosopher, usually famous for his pessimism about life as “a pendulum that swings between pain and boredom.” Schopenhauer actually lived alone and immersed for the greater part of his life, but his loneliness or personal suffering was not, as some think, a primary reason for formulating his pessimistic views of life. On the contrary, Schopenhauer's life - at least in its beginning - was not as bad as we might imagine, and it can be said that many opportunities were available to him to live a quiet academic and bourgeois life that satisfies the masses of people. of modern and ancient languages, as he went to dance and theater parties in his youth,
His mother Joanna also set up a salon attended by many intellectuals, including the great German poet Goethe, but Arthur was constantly at odds with his mother, especially after his father's death.
Schopenhauer later obtained his doctorate from the University of Berlin, and he was destined to have a quiet teaching career had he not chosen - stubbornly, courageous and perhaps naive - to give his lectures at the same time during which the most prominent German philosopher at the time, Georg Hegel, was giving his lectures, no one listened to Schopenhauer Who decided to retire from teaching and devote himself to writing.
Schopenhauer offered his extremely insightful views on many issues, from epistemology and philosophy of science to philosophy of ethics and art, and he was careful in his thinking, following the example of the German philosopher Kant the “Great” as he liked to describe him, particularly in his strict self-criticism of his ideas.
He also remained loyal to philosophy, resenting those who make it an "instrument of state purposes from above, and personal purposes from below". And he was firm in his conviction that he had accomplished his philosophical work not for his contemporaries or for the people of his country, but for humanity, because of his belief that everything of value needed a long time to gain its legitimacy. of moral authority) even daring to describe the latter as a “charlatan” and “mentally degenerate.”
العالم كتصور pdf by Arthur Schopenhauer
كتاب العالم كتصور pdf تأليف آرتور شوبنهاور .. أعتزم أن أبيّن هنا كيف تتوجب قراءة هذا الكتاب، ليُفهم بعمق. فما يمكن إيصاله من خلاله هو فكرة واحدة. مع ذلك ورغم كلّ جهودي، لم أتمكن من العثور على طريقة أقصر لإيصال تلك الفكرة سوى كامل هذا الكتاب. أعتبر هذه الفكرة ما تمّ البحث عنه طويلاً جداً باسم الفلسفة... آرتور شوبنهَور (من تصدير الطبعة الأولى)
إذا كانت الكلمة الالمانية (Wille) (= إرادة) - وهي إحدى الكلمتين الرئيستين الواردتين في عنوان ومتن كتاب الكتاب الحالي - لم تسبب صعوبة كبيرة عند ترجمتها إلى اللغات الأخرى، فالحال مختلف تماماً مع الكلمة الالمانية الرئيسة الأخرى (Vorstellung)، التي كانت - ويبدو انها ستبقى لأجل غير معلوم - محلّ اجتهادات مختلفة. ولا أدلَّ على ذلك من انها تُرجمتْ في الترجمات الثلاث التي ظهرت حتى الآن لهذا العمل إلى اللغة الإنكليزية، وهي ترجمات ظهرتْ على مدى يزيد على قرن من الزمان، إلى ثلاثة بدائل متباينة...وقد آثرتُ، بعد تمعّن كاف، مقابلة هذه الكلمة الأساسية في هذه الترجمة الحالية بـ(تصوُّر)، ولأكثر من سبب...