الحرب المقدسة - الحملات الصليبية وأثرها على العالم اليوم pdf

Dr. Karen Armstrong is a British author, interested in comparing religions and Islam. She has written many books on religious issues, including: The History of God, The Battle of God, Holy War, Islam: A Brief History, The Great Transformation, and others. She will soon publish another book in English under the title: Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. I also wrote two stories: Through the Narrow Gate, and the Spiral Staircase. Her works have been translated into more than fifty languages. Dr. Karen addressed members of the US Congress on three occasions, lectured policy makers in the US State Department and the Ministry of Defense, participated in the World Economic Forum, is the ambassador of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, and gives many lectures in Muslim countries, especially in Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, Turkey and Indonesia. In 2007, the Egyptian government awarded her a medal in appreciation of her efforts in serving Islam, under the auspices of Al-Azhar, and she is the first foreigner to receive this medal. She won the Four Freedoms Medal for Freedom of Worship from the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, and the Dr. Leopold Lukas Award at the University of Tübingen in 2009. In 2013, she was the first to receive the Nayef Al-Roudhan Award from the British Academy in recognition of her efforts in developing relations between cultures of the world. The Gandhi/King/Ikeda Award for Community Builders in Atlanta Commemoration in 2014. She is Curator of the British Museum and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Letters. In February 2008, she received a TED Prize for her vision of the Charter for Compassion (www.charterforcompassion.org) prepared by a group of distinguished thinkers from across the six world faiths as a collaborative effort to restore compassionate thinking and compassion to the moral and political life. The Charter of Compassion is being implemented creatively and realistically in a number of countries, cities, schools and religious communities around the world.

الحرب المقدسة - الحملات الصليبية وأثرها على العالم اليوم pdf by Karen Armstrong

في سنة 1095، دعا البابا أوربان الثاني المحاربين المسيحيين إلى رفع لواء الصليب وسيوفهم لمقاتلة الأتراك المسلمين الذين اكتسحوا المناطق الشرقية من الإمبراطورية البيزنطية في الأناضول وآسيا الصغرى، واستعادة مدينة القدس من قبضة المسلمين. فكانت أولى الحملات الصليبية حرباً مقدسة وحدت قوى الممالك الأوروبية ضد عدو مشترك. وأصبحت الحروب الصليبية مادة لأسطورة رومانسية، لكنها كانت في الحقيقة سلسلة من المعارك الوحشية التي شنت باسم الدين والتقوى لتعزيز قوة الكنيسة الغربية. ويبرز اليوم الشعور بميراث العنف الديني الذي خلفته فيما يتواصل الصراع القديم بين المسيحيين واليهود والمسلمين. تلج كارين آرمسترونغ في عقول الملوك والسلاطين والباباوات والأتقياء والحجاج، وتعرض بمهارة فائقة الحروب الصليبية من منظور الموروثات الدينية الثلاثة وتأثيرها العميق والمستمر.