مقامرة التاريخ الكبرى: على ماذا يراهن جورباتشوف؟

مقامرة التاريخ الكبرى: على ماذا يراهن جورباتشوف؟ pdf

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Fouad Zakaria

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Arabic

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Philosophy

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Fouad Zakaria (Port Said December 1927 - March 11 2010 / 25 Rabi' al-Awwal 1431 AH), an Egyptian academic and university professor specializing in philosophy. He graduated from the Department of Philosophy at the Faculty of Arts - Cairo University in 1949. He obtained a master's degree in 1952 and a doctorate in 1956 in philosophy from Ain Shams University. He worked as Head of the Philosophy Department at Ain Shams University until 1974. He worked as a Professor of Philosophy and Head of its Department at Kuwait University (1974 - 1991). He was the editor-in-chief of "Contemporary Thought" and "The Heritage of Humanity" magazines in Egypt. He worked as a consultant for culture and human sciences at the National Committee for UNESCO in Cairo and held the position of editorial advisor for the Kuwaiti Knowledge World series. Fouad Zakaria presented to the Arab Library many written and translated philosophical and intellectual works, in addition to articles and studies in newspapers and magazines related to intellectual and social problems and criticism of the prevailing Arab thought and the Egyptian reality. In his philosophical studies and writings, he presents a solid philosophical language, an outstanding ability to analyze and criticize, and an accurate understanding of philosophical terminology. Fouad Zakaria is also the author of the article (Secularism is the Solution) in response to the call (Islam is the solution), and the author of the theory that the Western cultural invasion is a myth that does not exist, and one of the most prominent opponents of the Salafi approach and its critics, he ridiculed the contemporary Islamic trends committed to this approach. He claimed that, by her commitment to it, she was focusing on adhering to the form of Islam rather than its content. He is accused of being a non-revolutionary who did not criticize the negative aspects of Abdel Nasser's rule and that he is one of the liberal elite who were not willing to pay the price for their political and intellectual positions, so they hypocritical and did not announce themselves until after Abdel Nasser's death. They include in this elite Tawfiq al-Hakim, Naguib Mahfouz and Dr. Mustafa Mahmoud, Tharwat Abaza, Saleh Jawdat, Anis Mansour, and Jalal Al-Din Al-Hamamsi.

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مقامرة التاريخ الكبرى: على ماذا يراهن جورباتشوف؟ pdf by Fouad Zakaria

«كَذَا يَبدُو التَّارِيخ، فِي أيَّامِنا القَلِيلةِ هَذِه، أَشبَهَ بِنَهرٍ ظَلَّ يَسيرُ فِي مَجرَاهُ هَادِئًا، ثُمَّ تَحوَّلَ فَجْأةً إِلى شَلالٍ هَادِرٍ يُصِمُّ الآذَان، وَلا يَملِكُ كُلُّ مَن يَقِفُ يَتأمَّلُ مُجبَرًا التَّدفُّقَ الصَّاخِبَ بَعدَ هُدوءٍ طَوِيل، إلَّا أَنْ يُوقِنَ بأنَّ مَجْراهُ لنْ يَعودَ أَبدًا، بَعدَ هَذا الشَّلال، مِثلَما كَان.» حَمَلَتْ نِهايَةُ فَترَةِ ثَمانِينِيَّاتِ القَرنِ الماضِي في جَعْبَتِها الكَثِيرَ منَ المُتغَيِّراتِ في مَجرَى الأَحْداثِ العالَمِية؛ فَقدْ عَصَفتِ الثَّوراتُ بِالمُعسْكَرِ الشَّرقِي، وبَدَا كَأنَّ العالَمَ علَى مَوعِدٍ معَ تارِيخٍ جَدِيد. إنَّ مَسئولِيةَ صِناعةِ التارِيخِ تَقَعُ في المَقامِ الأوَّلِ عَلى القَادةِ الَّذِينَ يَكتُبونَ بِقَراراتِهِمْ حُروفَه الأُولَى ثُمَّ يَترُكونَ الشُّعوبَ تُسطِّرُ سِجِلَّاتِه، وهَذا ما فَعَلَهُ «جورباتشوف» حِينَما قَرَّرَ أنْ يَطوِيَ صَفحَةَ الِاتِّحادِ السُّوفِيتِّيِّ والحِزبِ الشُّيوعِيِّ وَيَبدَأَ صَفحَةً جَدِيدَةً مِن تارِيخِ روسيا والدُّوَلِ التابِعةِ لَها، فعَلَى أَثَرِ ذلِكَ انتَهَتِ الحَربُ البَارِدة، وتَفَكَّكَ الِاتِّحادُ السُّوفِيتِّي، ومُنِحَ «جورباتشوف» جائِزةَ نوبل للسَّلَام. وفِي ضَوْءِ كُلِّ هذِهِ المُتغَيِّراتِ يَقِفُ المُفَكِّرُ والْفَيلَسُوفُ «فؤاد زكريا» فِي هَذا الكِتاب لِيُحَلِّلَ المُعطَياتِ وما يُمْكِنُ أنْ يُبنَى عَلَيْها مِن نَتائِجَ قَد تُغَيِّرُ السِّياسةَ العالَمِيَّة، فإِلَى أيِّ مَدًى تَلاقَتْ تَحْليلاتُه وتَنَبُّؤاتُهُ المُستَقبَلِيَّةُ مَعَ الواقِعِ العالَميِّ الجَدِيد؟

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