Arthur Schopenhauer is a German philosopher, usually famous for his pessimism about life as “a pendulum that swings between pain and boredom.” Schopenhauer actually lived alone and immersed for the greater part of his life, but his loneliness or personal suffering was not, as some think, a primary reason for formulating his pessimistic views of life. On the contrary, Schopenhauer's life - at least in its beginning - was not as bad as we might imagine, and it can be said that many opportunities were available to him to live a quiet academic and bourgeois life that satisfies the masses of people. of modern and ancient languages, as he went to dance and theater parties in his youth,
His mother Joanna also set up a salon attended by many intellectuals, including the great German poet Goethe, but Arthur was constantly at odds with his mother, especially after his father's death.
Schopenhauer later obtained his doctorate from the University of Berlin, and he was destined to have a quiet teaching career had he not chosen - stubbornly, courageous and perhaps naive - to give his lectures at the same time during which the most prominent German philosopher at the time, Georg Hegel, was giving his lectures, no one listened to Schopenhauer Who decided to retire from teaching and devote himself to writing.
Schopenhauer offered his extremely insightful views on many issues, from epistemology and philosophy of science to philosophy of ethics and art, and he was careful in his thinking, following the example of the German philosopher Kant the “Great” as he liked to describe him, particularly in his strict self-criticism of his ideas.
He also remained loyal to philosophy, resenting those who make it an "instrument of state purposes from above, and personal purposes from below". And he was firm in his conviction that he had accomplished his philosophical work not for his contemporaries or for the people of his country, but for humanity, because of his belief that everything of value needed a long time to gain its legitimacy. of moral authority) even daring to describe the latter as a “charlatan” and “mentally degenerate.”
人生的智慧 pdf by Arthur Schopenhauer
阐述生活的本质，及如何在生活中获得幸福。《人生的智慧》，这书名本身就已经是够吸引人的了。我们作为万物之灵、竭尽全力在生活中寻觅幸福的人类，面对伟大思想家这部深入浅出教导如何获得生活的启示，人生的幸福。
编辑推荐
《叔本华系列:人生的智慧》取自《附录和补遗》，它其实是独立成书的。《人生的智慧》讨论的事情与我们的世俗生活至为接近，诸如健康、财富、名声、荣誉、养生和待人接物所应遵守的原则等。正如叔本华所说的，在《人生的智慧》里他尽量从世俗、实用的角度考虑问题。因此，《人生的智慧》尤其适合大众阅读。
作者简介
叔本华是德国哲学家；因为他对人间的苦难非常敏感，对人生观感到极度悲观，所以被人称作是“悲观主义的哲学家”。他反对黑格尔绝对唯心主义，是新的“生命”哲学先驱。
他特别专精于研究柏拉图和康德的著作，非常反对和不屑于黑格尔、费希特和谢林等人的理论。
他的一生不算风光，过着隐居的生活，直到1853年时，他的哲学思想才被世人所重视，不过却于1860年9月21日病逝。
1789年生于但泽的叔本华从小孤僻，傲慢，喜怒无常，并带点神经质。他对自己的哲学也极为自负，声称是一种全新的哲学方法，会震撼整个欧洲思想界。然而他的著作却常常受人冷落。在柏林大学任教时，他试图和黑格尔在讲台上一决高低，结果黑格尔的讲座常常爆满，而听他讲课的学生却从来没有超出过三人。于是叔本华带着一种愤遭的心情离开了大学的讲坛。叔本华与黑格尔的对抗实际上是两种哲学倾向之间的较量。他失败了。因为他不属于那个时代。用叔本华自己的话说，他的书是为后人写的。事实也是如此：到了晚年，时代才和他走到了一起，他终于享受到了期待了一生的荣誉。
1818年叔本华发表了《作为意志和表象的世界》，从而奠定了他的哲学体系。他为这部悲观主义巨著作出了最乐观的预言：“这部书不是为了转瞬即逝的年代而是为了全人类而写的，今后会成为其他上百本书的源泉和根据”。然而该书出版10年后，大部分是作为废纸售出的，极度失望的叔本华只好援引别人的话来暗示他的代表作，说这样的著作犹如一面镜子，“当一头蠢驴去照时，你不可能在镜子里看见天使”。
叔本华是唯意志论哲学的创始人，他抛弃了德国古典哲学的思辩传统，力图从非理性方面来寻求新的出路，提出了生存意志论。人生就是一种痛苦，一个人所感受的痛苦与他的生存意志的深度成正比。生存意志越强，人就越痛苦。要摆脱痛苦的途径只有一条，就是抛弃欲求，否定生存意志。他认为一个人可以通过艺术创造和欣赏来暂时解脱痛苦，但最根本的解脱办法是，进入佛教的空、无的境界。
叔本华死后，有关他的哲学讲座逐渐将黑格尔排挤了出去，终于报了当年一箭之仇。他一时成了德国最时髦的哲学家。到1891年，《作为意志和表象的世界》就已再版了18次。