未来简史：从智人到智神 pdf

Professor Harari was born in Haifa, Israel, to Lebanese parents in 1976. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Oxford in 2002, and is now a lecturer at the Department of History, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
He specialized in World History, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relation between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded?
Prof. Harari also teaches a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) titled A Brief History of Humankind.
Prof. Harari twice won the Polonsky Prize for Creativity and Originality, in 2009 and 2012. In 2011 he won the Society for Military History’s Moncado Award for outstanding articles in military history.

未来简史：从智人到智神 pdf by Yuval Noah Harari

进入21世纪后，曾经长期威胁人类生存、发展的瘟疫、饥荒和战争已经被攻克，智人面临着新的待办议题：永生不老、幸福快乐和成为具有“神性”的人类。在解决这些新问题的过程中，科学技术的发展将颠覆我们很多当下认为无需佐证的“常识”，比如人文主义所推崇的自由意志将面临严峻挑战，机器将会代替人类做出更明智的选择。

更重要的，当以大数据、人工智能为代表的科学技术发展的日益成熟，人类将面临着从进化到智人以来zui大的一次改变，绝大部分人将沦为“无价值的群体”，只有少部分人能进化成特质发生改变的 “神人”。

未来，人类将面临着三大问题：生物本身就是算法，生命是不断处理数据的过程；意识与智能的分离；拥有大数据积累的外部环境将比我们自己更了解自己。如何看待这三大问题，以及如何采取应对措施，将直接影响着人类未来的发展。