Devlete Karşı İnsan pdf

Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher, psychologist, biologist, anthropologist, and sociologist famous for his hypothesis of social Darwinism. Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The term strongly suggests natural selection, yet Spencer saw evolution as extending into realms of sociology and ethics, so he also supported Lamarckism.
Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. As a polymath, he contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, anthropology, economics, political theory, philosophy, literature, astronomy, biology, sociology, and psychology. During his lifetime he achieved tremendous authority, mainly in English-speaking academia. "The only other English philosopher to have achieved anything like such widespread popularity was Bertrand Russell, and that was in the 20th century .Spencer was "the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century" but his influence declined sharply after 1900: "Who now reads Spencer?" asked Talcott Parsons in 1937.

Devlete Karşı İnsan pdf by Herbert Spencer

Artık, devletin, toplumun çıkarı adına bireylerin özgürlüklerine ne kadar müdahele edebileceği değil, devletin, toplumun yararı diyerek müdahil olduğu alanların daha ne kadarından çekilmesi gerektiği tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Herbert Spencer bu eserinde klasik liberallerin her hangi bir mahsur görmediği hatta destekledikleri devlet müdahelelerini de şiddetle eleştirmiş ve devletin eğitimden, genel sağlıktan, şehir planlaması, konut yapımı gibi konulardan bile elini ayağını çekmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Zira Devlet hantal yapısı ve iş bilmezliği ile halkın yararı diyerek yaptığı işlerde bile halkı zarara uğratmaktadır. Hatta insanlığı ileriye götüren keşiflerin ve düşüncelerin hiçbirinin arkasında devlet yoktur. Bu kazanımlar devlete rağmen elde edilmiştir.