Korsanlar ve İmparatorlar

Korsanlar ve İmparatorlar pdf

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Noam Chomsky

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Politics

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Fram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American professor of linguist and philosopher, as well as cognitive scientist, logician, historian, critic, and political activist. He is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT, where he has worked for more than 50 years. In addition to his work in linguistics, Chomsky has written on war, politics, and the media and is the author of more than 100 books. According to the 1992 Art and Human Sciences Reference List, Chomsky was cited more than any living scholar from 1980 to 1992, and ranked as the eighth most cited reference ever in a list that includes the Bible, Karl Marx, and others. Chomsky has been described as a cultural preeminent, having been voted as the "world's leading intellectual" in a 2005 poll. Chomsky is also described as the "father of modern linguistics" and is considered a major figure in analytic philosophy. His work has influenced fields such as computer science, mathematics, and psychology. . He is also credited with establishing the theory of generative grammar, which is often considered the most important contribution to the field of theoretical linguistics in the twentieth century. He is also credited with establishing what became known as the Chomsky hierarchy, the theory of universal grammar, and the Chomsky-Schützenberger theory. After the publication of his first book on linguistics, Chomsky became a prominent critic of the Vietnam War and has since continued to publish his critical books on politics. He is best known for his criticism of US foreign policy, state capitalism, and the general news media. His criticism of the media, which he co-wrote with Edward Hermann, is included in The Deference Industry: The Political Economy of Mass Media (1988) is an analysis that crystallizes a theory of the propaganda model for the study of media. Chomsky describes his views as "fairly anarcho-traditionalism with its origins in the Enlightenment and classical liberalism" sometimes identified with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism. He is also considered a key theoretician of the left wing of American politics. He is also credited with establishing what became known as Chomsky's hierarchy, a classification of formal languages ​​according to their generative capacity. In addition to his work in linguistics, Chomsky is widely known as a political activist, and for his criticism of the foreign policy of the United States and other governments. Chomsky describes himself as a libertarian socialist, a sympathetic anarchist who is a member of the world's industrial workers' union and is often considered a key theorist of the left wing of American politics. According to the Arts and Humanities Reference Index, between 1980 and 1992 Chomsky was cited as a reference more than any other living person, and as the eighth person ever.

Book Description

Korsanlar ve İmparatorlar pdf by Noam Chomsky

Korsanlar ve İmparatorlar, Aziz Augustinus'un aktardığı bir anekdotla başlar. Büyük İskender ile esir aldığı korsan arasındaki bir diyalogdur bu: “İskender korsana, ‘Sen ne cesaretle denizlere korku salabiliyor­sun?' diye sorar. Korsan, ‘Asıl sen ne cesaretle bütün dünyaya korku salabiliyorsun?' diye cevap verir ve şöyle devam eder: ‘Ben sırf küçük bir gemiyle bunu yaptığım için hırsız sayılıyorum, oysa sen aynı şeyi koca bir donanmayla yapıyorsun diye İmparator olarak anılıyorsun.'” Augustinus'un anlattığı hikâye, modern “İmparator” ABD ve onun sadık müttefiklerinin sözde “terörist” devletlerle olan ilişkilerini gayet iyi özetler ve “uluslararası terörizm” kavramının modern Batılı anlamdaki kullanı­mına ışık tutar. Bu anlam dünyasında İmparator ve vasal devletlerinin başvurduğu her tür şiddet eylemi “nefsi müdafaa”, “haklı savaş”, “misil­leme” yahut “önleyici eylem” statüsünde değerlendirilirken, Küba, Orta Amerika ülkeleri ve Filistin'in de aralarında bulunduğu ülkelerin, yani “onlar”ın her tür eylemi doğrudan “terörist saldırı” kapsamına sokulur. Chomsky Korsanlar ve İmparatorlar'da, bu algı ikliminin yaratılmasında, haberlerin medyadaki işlenişinin, medyanın olayın failinin kim olduğuna göre değişen iki yüzlü tavrının, devlet politikalarını meşrulaştırmak mak­sadıyla akademide üretilen çalışmaların ve hatta uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından alınan ve ne hikmetse İmparator ve müttefikleri açısından herhangi bir bağlayıcılığı olmayan kararların oynadığı rolü büyük bir maharetle ortaya koyuyor. Hâkim sistem içerisinde “uluslararası terö­rizm”in İmparator'un işine gelen bir kavramsal çerçeve içerisinde nasıl sunulduğunu, George Orwell'in 1984 romanının kurgu dili olan Yeni­konuş'u aratmayan bir biçimde sözcüklerin gerçek anlamlarından nasıl arındırıldığını, tekil olaylar ve muteber gazetelerde yayımlanmış haber­ler üzerinden irdeleyerek, “dünyanın en önde gelen terörist devleti” ilan ettiği ABD'yi o bilindik ironik üslubuyla bir kez daha hedef tahtasına oturtuyor.

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