Roger Scruton who has died of lung cancer aged 75, was a philosopher and a controversial public intellectual. Active in the fields of aesthetics, art, music, political philosophy and architecture, both inside and outside the academic world, he dedicated himself to nurturing beauty, “re-enchanting the world” and giving intellectual rigour to conservatism.
He wrote more than 50 books, including perceptive works on Spinoza, Kant, Wittgenstein and the history of philosophy, and four novels, as well as columns on wine, hunting and current affairs, and was a talented pianist and composer.
A member of the traditionalist-conservative Salisbury Group, he helped found the Salisbury Review, which he edited from 1982 to 2001. This quarterly, which was circulated in the Soviet bloc, often in samizdat form, was criticised in Britain for having retrograde attitudes. In 1984 it defended Ray Honeyford, the Bradford headteacher who had disputed the value of multicultural education. Consequent hostility from colleagues prompted Scruton to abandon in 1992 his professorship in aesthetics at what is now Birkbeck, University of London, where he had started as a lecturer in 1971. Though he felt this had scuppered his academic career, in the event it freed him for activities and adventures on a wider stage.
As Vantagens do Pessimismo: E o perigo da falsa esperança pdf by Roger Scruton
Utilizando uma argumentação provocadora e apaixonada, Scruton defende nesse livro a ideia de que o maior perigo e a maior ameaça vieram sempre dos que defenderam o idealismo e o otimismo, fossem eles de esquerda ou de direita. E que chegou o momento de substituir a exuberância irracional pelo pessimismo humano. Scruton demonstra que as tragédias e os desastres da história europeia foram consequência do falso otimismo e dos raciocínios enganosos que daí derivam. Enquanto rejeita tais raciocínios, constrói uma forte defesa tanto da sociedade civil como da liberdade, mostrando que o verdadeiro legado civilizacional não é o falso idealismo que, junto com o fascismo, o nazismo e o comunismo, quase nos destruiu. Deve-se, isso sim, proteger a cultura do perdão e da ironia. As vantagens do pessimismo é um convincente argumento em favor da razão e da responsabilidade, escrito numa época de profundas mudanças políticas e sociais.