Skeletons: The Frame of Life pdf

Jan Zalasiewicz, profesor de paleobiología en la Universidad de Leicester, profundiza en el Antropoceno. Jan Zalasiewicz es profesor de paleobiología en la Universidad de Leicester, Reino Unido. Al principio de su carrera, fue geólogo de campo y paleontólogo en el Servicio Geológico Británico, trabajando para descifrar los estratos del este de Inglaterra y luego las montañas del centro de Gales. Ahora, enseña geología e historia de la Tierra a estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado, y estudia ecosistemas y entornos fósiles a lo largo de más de quinientos millones de años de tiempo geológico. En los últimos años, ha estado involucrado en ayudar a desarrollar ideas sobre el Antropoceno, el concepto de que los humanos ahora impulsan gran parte de la geología en la superficie de la Tierra, y preside el Grupo de Trabajo de Antropoceno de la Comisión Internacional de Estratigrafía.

Skeletons: The Frame of Life pdf por Jan Zalasiewicz

Over half a billion years ago life on earth took an incredible step in evolution, when animals learned to build skeletons. Using many different materials, from calcium carbonate and phosphate, and even silica, to make shell and bone, they started creating the support structures that are now critical to most living forms, providing rigidity and strength. Manifesting in a vast variety of forms, they provided the framework for sophisticated networks of life that fashioned the evolution of Earth's oceans, land, and atmosphere. Within a few tens of millions of years, all of the major types of skeleton had appeared. Skeletons enabled an unprecedented array of bodies to evolve, from the tiniest seed shrimp to the gigantic dinosaurs and blue whales. The earliest bacterial colonies constructed large rigid structures - stromatolites - built up by trapping layers of sediment, while the mega-skeleton that is the Great Barrier Reef is big enough to be visible from space. The skeletons of millions of coccolithophores that lived in the shallow seas of the Mesozoic built the white cliffs of Dover. These, and insects, put their scaffolding on the outside, as an exoskeleton, while vertebrates have endoskeletons. Plants use tubes of dead tissue for rigidity and transport of liquids - which in the case of tall trees need to be strong enough to extend 100 m or more from the ground. Others simply stitch together a coating from mineral grains on the seabed. In Skeletons, Jan Zalasiewicz and Mark Williams explore the incredible variety of the skeleton innovations that have enabled life to expand into a wide range of niches and lifestyles on the planet. Discussing the impact of climate change, which puts the formation of some kinds of skeleton at risk, they also consider future skeletons, including the possibility that we might increasingly incorporate metal and plastic elements into our own, as well as the possible materials for skeleton building on other planets. Table of contents :