Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays pdf

Louis Pierre Althusser (français : 16 octobre 1918 - 22 octobre 1990) était un philosophe marxiste français. Il est né en Algérie et a étudié à l'École normale supérieure de Paris, où il est finalement devenu professeur de philosophie. Althusser était un membre de longue date et parfois un critique virulent du Parti communiste français (PCF). Ses arguments et ses thèses s'opposent aux menaces qu'il voit s'attaquer aux fondements théoriques du marxisme. Celles-ci comprenaient à la fois l'influence de l'empirisme sur la théorie marxiste et les orientations socialistes humanistes et réformistes qui se manifestaient par des divisions dans les partis communistes européens, ainsi que le problème du culte de la personnalité et de l'idéologie. Althusser est communément qualifié de marxiste structurel, bien que sa relation avec d'autres écoles de structuralisme français ne soit pas une simple affiliation et qu'il ait critiqué de nombreux aspects du structuralisme. La vie d'Althusser a été marquée par des périodes de maladie mentale intense. En 1980, il tue sa femme, la sociologue Hélène Rytmann, en l'étranglant. Il a été déclaré inapte à être jugé pour cause de folie et interné dans un hôpital psychiatrique pendant trois ans. Il a fait peu de travaux universitaires supplémentaires, mourant en 1990.

Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays pdf par Louis Althusser

No figure among the western Marxist theoreticians has loomed larger in the postwar period than Louis Althusser. A rebel against the Catholic tradition in which he was raised, Althusser studied philosophy and later joined both the faculty of the Ecole normal superieure and the French Communist Party in 1948. Viewed as a "structuralist Marxist," Althusser was as much admired for his independence of intellect as he was for his rigorous defense of Marx. The latter was best illustrated in For Marx (1965), and Reading Capital (1968). These works, along with Lenin and Philosophy (1971) had an enormous influence on the New Left of the 1960s and continues to influence modern Marxist scholarship.
This classic work, which to date has sold more than 30,000 copies, covers the range of Louis Althusser's interests and contributions in philosophy, economics, psychology, aesthetics, and political science.
Marx, in Althusser's view, was subject in his earlier writings to the ruling ideology of his day. Thus for Althusser, the interpretation of Marx involves a repudiation of all efforts to draw from Marx's early writings a view of Marx as a "humanist" and "historicist."
Lenin and Philosophy also contains Althusser's essay on Lenin's study of Hegel; a major essay on the state, "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," "Freud and Lacan: A letter on Art in Reply to Andr Daspre," and "Cremonini, Painter of the Abstract." The book opens with a 1968 interview in which Althusser discusses his personal, political, and intellectual history.
"I am glad to be able to extend a few words of welcome to the reader who does me the honour of opening this book. 1 trust him : he will understand the political, ideological and theoretical arguments which inspired the already old philosophical essays in the Appendix ; he will discern in them an internal evolution and displacement giving rise to
the new Theses which appear in 'Lenin and Philosophy',  Preface to Capital Volume One' and 'Ideology and Ideo logical State Apparatuses'; he will realize that it is in the direction opened by the indications in these last texts that I now feel it necessary to pursue an investigation which I began more than fifteen years ago."