Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution

Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution pdf

Auteur:

Ronald Dworkin

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1282

Langue:

Anglais

Notation:

0

département:

Sciences Sociales

Nombre de pages:

444

Section:

la loi

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16052378 MB

qualité du livre :

Bien

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Ronald Dworkin, décédé à l'âge de 81 ans, était largement respecté comme le philosophe du droit le plus original et le plus puissant du monde anglophone. Dans ses livres, ses articles et son enseignement, à Londres et à New York, il a développé une puissante exégèse savante de la loi et a exposé des questions d'actualité brûlante et d'intérêt public - y compris comment la loi devrait traiter de la race, de l'avortement, de l'euthanasie et de la l'égalité – de manière accessible aux lecteurs profanes. Ses arguments juridiques étaient subtilement présentés comme des applications à des problèmes spécifiques d'une philosophie libérale classique qui, à son tour, était fondée sur sa conviction que la loi doit tirer son autorité de ce que les gens ordinaires reconnaîtraient comme une vertu morale. Dworkin a étudié la philosophie (sous Willard Van Orman Quine à l'Université Harvard et, de manière informelle, avec JL Austin à l'Université d'Oxford) et le droit à la fois à Oxford et à la Harvard Law School. Il a travaillé comme greffier auprès du grand juge et juriste américain Billings Learned Hand et comme avocat au sein du cabinet d'avocats de Wall Street Sullivan & Cromwell, avant d'enseigner le droit aux facultés de droit de Yale et plus tard de l'Université de New York, ainsi qu'à Oxford. et plus tard University College London. Cette vaste éducation et formation, aiguisant les capacités d'analyse d'un intellect tout à fait exceptionnellement puissant, lui a permis, même en tant que jeune homme précoce, de défier les figures les plus éminentes du monde du droit et de la jurisprudence, dont Hand et HLA Hart, le célèbre exposant du positivisme juridique – considérer la base sociale d'une loi séparément de ses mérites – à Oxford. La plus grande réussite de Dworkin a peut-être été son insistance sur une théorie du droit fondée sur les droits, exposée dans son premier et le plus influent livre, Taking Rights Seriously (1977), dans lequel il proposait une alternative à la fois à la perspective de Hart et aux théories nouvellement créées de la Le philosophe du droit de Harvard John Rawls.

Description du livre

Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution pdf par Ronald Dworkin

Ronald Dworkin argues that Americans have been systematically misled about what their Constitution is, and how judges decide what it means. The Constitution, he observes, grants individual rights in extremely abstract terms. The First Amendment prohibits the passing of laws that "abridge the freedom of speech"; the Fifth Amendment insists on "due process of law"; and the Fourteenth Amendment demands "equal protection of the laws" for all persons. What does that abstract language mean when it is applied to the political controversies that divide Americans--about affirmative action and racial justice, abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, censorship, pornography, and homosexuality, for example? Judges, and ultimately the justices of the Supreme Court, must decide for everyone, and that gives them great power. How should they decide? Dworkin defends a particular answer to that question, which he calls the moral reading of the Constitution. He argues that the Bill of Rights must be understood as setting out general moral principles about liberty and equality and dignity, and that private citizens, lawyers, and finally judges must interpret and apply those general principles by posing and trying to answer more concrete moral questions. Is freedom to choose abortion really a basic moral right and would curtailing that right be a deep injustice, for example? Why? In the detailed discussions of individual constitutional issues that form the bulk of the book, Dworkin shows that our judges do decide hard constitutional cases by posing and answering such concrete moral questions. Indeed he shows that that is the only way they can decide those cases. But most judges--and most politicians and most law professors--pretend otherwise. They say that judges must never treat constitutional issues as moral issues because that would be undemocratic--it would mean that judges were substituting their own moral convictions for those of Congressmen and state legislators who had been elected by the people. So they insist that judges can, and should, decide in some more mechanical way which involves no fresh moral judgment on their part. The result, Dworkin shows, has been great constitutional confusion. Is the premise at the core of this confusion really sound? Is the moral reading--the only reading of the American Constitution that makes sense--really undemocratic? In spirited and illuminating discussions both of the great constitutional cases of recent years, and of general constitutional principles, Dworkin argues, to the contrary, that the distinctly American version of government under principle, based on the moral reading of the Constitution, is in fact the best account of what democracy really is.

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