Boethius: On Aristotle on Interpretation 4-6 pdf

波伊修斯 是中世纪早期的罗马参议员、执政官、总督、历史学家和哲学家。他是将希腊经典翻译成拉丁语的核心人物，是经院运动的先驱，并且与卡西奥多鲁斯一起是 6 世纪两位主要的基督教学者之一。 1883 年，教皇利奥十三世在帕维亚教区将他尊为圣徒，并安葬在那里。

西罗马帝国崩溃一年后，​​波伊提乌斯出生在罗马。作为 Anici 家族的一员，他在家族突然衰落后成为孤儿，由后来的领事 昆图斯·奥勒留 抚养长大。在年轻时掌握了拉丁语和希腊语之后，波埃修斯在东哥特王国期间作为政治家声名鹊起：25 岁时成为参议员，33 岁时成为领事，后来被选为狄奥多里克大帝的私人顾问。

为了协调柏拉图和亚里士多德的教义与基督教神学，波爱修斯试图为西方学者翻译整个希腊经典。他出版了许多 Nicomachus、Porphyry 和 Cicero 等人的作品的抄本和评论，并就有关音乐、数学和神学的问题撰写了大量文章。尽管他的翻译在英年早逝后未完成，但亚里士多德的作品在很大程度上幸存于文艺复兴时期。

尽管他作为高级官员取得了成功，但波埃修斯在东哥特法院的其他成员中变得非常不受欢迎，因为他谴责其他政府成员普遍存在的广泛腐败。在公开为同僚凯西纳·阿尔比努斯（Caecina Albinus）的阴谋辩护辩护后，他在 523 年左右被狄奥多里克（Theodoric）监禁。在被监禁并患有抑郁症的同时，波埃修斯（Boethius）写了一篇关于财富、死亡和其他问题的哲学论文，后来成为中世纪早期最有影响力和最广泛制作的作品。 524年，他被折磨并处决，成为基督教信仰的烈士。

Boethius: On Aristotle on Interpretation 4-6 pdf 波伊修斯

Boethius (c. 480-c. 525) was a Christian philosopher and author of many translations and works of philosophy, most famously the Consolations of Philosophy which were probably written when he was under house arrest, having been accused of treason by King Theoderic the Great. He was subsequently executed. On Interpretation is the second part of the Organon, as Aristotle's collected works on logic are known; it deals comprehensively and systematically with the relationship between logic and language. In his first six chapters, Aristotle defines name, verb, sentence, statement, affirmation and negation. Boethius preserves lost interpretations by two of the greatest earlier interpreters, Alexander and Porphyry, and the defence of the work's authenticity against criticism. He records the idea of Porphyry that Aristotelians believe in three types of name and verb, written, spoken and mental, in other words a language of the mind. Boethius' commentary formed part of his project to bring knowledge of Plato and Aristotle to the Latin-speaking world. It had great influence, remaining the standard introduction to On Interpretation throughout the Latin Middle Ages.