Master and Margarita pdf

米哈伊尔·阿瓦尼塞夫茨·布尔加科夫，俄罗斯小说家、剧作家，1891年5月15日出生于基辅，1940年3月10日在莫斯科去世。 布尔加科夫最初是一名医生，但他最出名的是他的小说《大师与玛格丽塔》，该小说在他去世三十年后才出版。 他出生于基辅宗教学院教授家庭，在基辅度过了童年和青少年时期。 这座城市后来成为他的小说《白卫队》的重要背景，成为他与家庭和祖国的深厚联系的表达，正如他 1923 年的文章《基辅城》中所体现的那样。

布尔加科夫于 1909 年就读于基辅大学医学院，并于 1916 年以优异的成绩毕业，获得了医学博士学位。 1920 年代，他通过讽刺散文、故事和轶事探讨社会动荡及其对人性的影响这一主题。 《撒旦秀》（1924）和《致命鸡蛋》（1925）等作品体现了他独特的讽刺文学风格，令同时代的人着迷又震惊。

《狗的心》（1925）是布尔加科夫的另一部讽刺小说，反映了他敏锐的智慧。 尽管受到一些人的钦佩，但其他人由于对那个时代的严厉批评而拒绝出版这些作品。

布尔加科夫的职业生涯的转折点是他的小说《白卫兵》的出版。 1925年，小说的两部分在《俄罗斯》杂志上发表，后来在1926年莫斯科艺术剧院MKHAT改编成戏剧《涡轮机的日子》时获得了进一步的好评。该剧在观众中的成功，包括斯大林本人的关注，遭到了当局的严厉批评，当局指责布尔加科夫有反苏联情绪。 这导致该剧于 1929 年暂时退出剧院演出，但在 1932 年再次上演。

然而，布尔加科夫的国际声誉来自于他的小说《大师与玛格丽塔》，这是一部非凡的作品，涵盖了他以前创作的主题以及俄罗斯和世界古典文学的精髓。 虽然这部小说在全球获得了巨大的认可，但它在苏联面临审查，直到作者去世很久之后的 1966 年才在苏联出版了删节版。 布尔加科夫有意识地将这部小说打造为一部巅峰杰作，融合了各种主题和文学影响，巩固了他作为俄罗斯文学杰出人物的地位。

Master and Margarita pdf 米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫

Among the annals of protest literature, one can hardly find a more peculiar work than "The Master and Margarita" by Mikhail Bulgakov. Penned during the Soviet crackdown of the 1930s, a time when Bulgakov's works were effectively banned, the novel ingeniously conceals its anti-Stalinist message within a complex allegory of good and evil. The central character is Satan himself, appearing as the enigmatic foreigner and self-proclaimed sorcerer, Woland. Accompanied by a talking black tomcat and a "translator" sporting a jockey's cap and cracked pince-nez, Woland unleashes chaos upon literary Moscow.

Predicting the beheading of the prominent editor Berlioz, Woland moves into his vacated apartment. The devil and his minions proceed to meddle with bureaucrats, sending one to Yalta and making another vanish, leaving only his suit behind. Frightened officials flock to psychiatric hospitals seeking refuge in locked cells.

Meanwhile, in the same hospital resides the true target of Woland's visit: the Master, an author whose unpublished novel revolves around Pontius Pilate. The Master's soul appears broken by rejection and political persecution, but his tale intertwines as a parallel narrative throughout Bulgakov's work. We encounter Pilate's story in multiple forms: read by the indefatigable love Margarita, dreamed by the poet Ivan Homeless, and recounted by Woland himself. The question of who truly authored this narrative becomes elusive, as the Master's novel and the overall story appear to converge.

Bulgakov artfully presents his devil as both entertaining and indispensable, raising profound questions about the nature of good and evil. The novel, like a series of nested Russian dolls, offers layers of narratives within narratives, provoking readers with intriguing complexities. Due to its implicit references to interrogation and terror, "The Master and Margarita" was not published until 1967, long after the author's death. The book's shocking, touching, and satirical qualities make it truly unique, with each reading offering a different perspective.