On Interpretation pdf

亚里士多德（公元前 384-322 年）是有史以来最伟大的哲学家之一。仅根据他的哲学影响来判断，只有柏拉图是他的同龄人：亚里士多德的作品塑造了从古代晚期到文艺复兴时期的几个世纪的哲学，即使在今天，人们仍以敏锐的、非古董的兴趣继续研究。亚里士多德是一位了不起的研究人员和作家，他留下了大量的著作，可能多达两百篇论文，其中大约有三十一篇幸存下来。他现存的著作涵盖广泛的学科，从逻辑学、形而上学和心灵哲学，到伦理学、政治理论、美学和修辞学，以及经验生物学等主要非哲学领域，他擅长详细的植物和动物观察和分类。在所有这些领域，亚里士多德的理论都提供了启发，遇到了阻力，引发了争论，并普遍激发了持久读者的持续兴趣。
由于其广泛的范围和时间上的遥远，亚里士多德的哲学无法简单地封装。对亚里士多德文本和主题的解释和挪用的悠久历史——跨越两千年，包括在各种宗教和世俗传统中工作的哲学家——甚至使解释的基本点也引起争议。本网站上关于亚里士多德的一组条目通过三个层次来解决这种情况。首先，现在的一般条目简要介绍了亚里士多德的生平，并描述了他的核心哲学承诺，突出了他最独特的方法和最有影响力的成就。其次是一般主题，详细介绍了亚里士多德哲学活动的主要领域。最后，接下来的专题更详细地研究了更狭隘的问题，尤其是最近亚里士多德学术中关注的问题

On Interpretation pdf 亚里士多德

First we must define the terms ‘noun’ and ‘verb’, then the terms ‘denial’ and ‘affirmation’, then ‘proposition’ and ‘sentence.’
Spoken words are the symbols of mental experience and written words are the symbols of spoken words. Just as all men have not the same writing, so all men have not the same speech sounds, but the mental experiences, which these directly symbolize, are the same for all, as also are those things of which our experiences are the images. This matter has, however, been discussed in my treatise about the soul, for it belongs to an investigation distinct from that which lies before us.
As there are in the mind thoughts which do not involve truth or falsity, and also those which must be either true or false, so it is in speech. For truth and falsity imply combination and separation. Nouns and verbs, provided nothing is added, are like thoughts without combination or separation; ‘man’ and ‘white’, as isolated terms, are not yet either true or false. In proof of this, consider the word ‘goat-stag.’ It has significance, but there is no truth or falsity about it, unless ‘is’ or ‘is not’ is added, either in the present or in some other tense.