The Art of Living pdf

Epictetus：所以他是奴隶时代的自由哲学家，也是充满邪恶气息的时代的善良召唤者。 爱比克泰德于公元 50 年左右出生在罗马弗里吉亚州的希拉波利斯，尽管他在赫拉克略社会中是一名杰出的奴隶，在这个社会中，除了奴隶之外，奴隶很难成为任何人，但他能够教他哲学，摆脱了尼禄皇帝死后的奴役枷锁，在他的身体得到解放之前，他的内心是自由的。 斯多葛派哲学的两极之一爱比克泰德在尼科波利斯创立了他的哲学学派，声名鹊起，马库斯·奥勒留皇帝决定为他参加一场讲座，并在他的著作《反思》中加以利用。爱比克泰德呼吁善良和自由，并呼吁三种职责：第一，对自我，净化身体和灵魂；第二，将他人视为社会的一部分；三是对神。爱比克泰德断言自由是一个内部问题。如果奴隶从欲望中解脱出来，他就可以自由，如果主人成为欲望的囚徒，他可能是奴隶。他还讨论了善恶的问题，强调事物的本性无善无恶，但我们对它们的态度是赋予它们这种或那种品质的原因。爱比克泰德的哲学是对纯粹奴性制度中的被压迫者的无声抗议，这种倾向远远地在罗马、然后是基督教和俄罗斯哲学上留下了印记。 就像苏格拉底一样，爱比克泰德没有留下任何文字痕迹，但写下他的却是他的学生阿里安。 埃比克泰特斯获得自由后的生活并不幸福。公元 89 年，多米塔诺斯皇帝将他流放。爱比克泰德在流放中死去，他的墓碑上写着：“一个跛脚的仆人，一贫如洗，但对众神来说很珍贵。”

The Art of Living pdf 埃比克泰德

The Art of Living: The Classical Manual on Virtue, Happiness and Effectiveness

Epictetus was born into slavery about 55 C.E. in the eastern outreaches of the Roman Empire. Sold as a child and crippled from the beatings of his master, Epictetus was eventually freed, rising from his humble roots to establish an influential school of Stoic philosophy. Stressing that human beings cannot control life, only how they respond to it, Epictetus dedicated his life to outlining the simple way to happiness, fulfillment, and tranquility. By putting into practice the ninety-three witty, wise, and razor-sharp instructions that make up The Art of Living, readers learn to successfully meet the challenges of everyday life and face life's inevitable losses and disappointments with grace.
Epictetus's teachings rank among the greatest wisdom texts of human civilization. Sharon Lebell presents this esteemed philosopher's invaluable insights for the first time in a splendidly down-to-earth rendition. The result is the West's first and best primer for living the best possible life -- as helpful in the twenty-first century as it was in the first.