The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values pdf

山姆·哈里斯（生于 1967 年）是美国非小说类作家、哲学家和神经科学家。他是《信仰的终结：宗教、恐怖和理性的未来》（2004 年）的作者，该书获得了 2005 年笔会/玛莎阿尔布兰德奖，以及《致基督教国家的信》（2006 年），这是对他第一本书的批评的反驳吸引了。他的新书《道德景观》探讨了科学如何决定人类价值观。
哈里斯因对教条式宗教信仰的攻击而受到强烈批评后，对透露他的个人生活和历史细节持谨慎态度。他说他是由一位犹太母亲和一位贵格会父亲抚养长大的，他告诉《新闻周刊》，作为一个孩子，他“拒绝接受成年礼”。他在斯坦福大学主修英语，但在 MDMA 改变人生的经历后辍学。在此期间，他学习佛教和冥想，并声称已经阅读了数百本有关宗教的书籍。哈里斯在 2009 年 8 月 21 日与比尔·马赫（Bill Maher）一起出现在 Real Time 节目中时表示，他在一个世俗的家庭中长大，他的父母从未讨论过上帝。然而，他表示，他一直对宗教感兴趣。
十一年后，他回到斯坦福，完成了哲学文学学士学位。 2009年，获得博士学位。加州大学洛杉矶分校神经科学学位，使用功能磁共振成像对信念、怀疑和不确定性的神经基础进行研究。

The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values pdf 山姆·哈里斯

Sam Harris' first book, The End of Faith, ignited a worldwide debate about the validity of religion. In the aftermath, Harris discovered that most people - from religious fundamentalists to non-believing scientists - agree on one point: science has nothing to say on the subject of human values. Indeed, our failure to address questions of meaning and morality through science has now become the most common justification for religious faith. It is also the primary reason why so many secularists and religious moderates feel obligated to "respect" the hardened superstitions of their more devout neighbors.
In this explosive new book, Sam Harris tears down the wall between scientific facts and human values, arguing that most people are simply mistaken about the relationship between morality and the rest of human knowledge. Harris urges us to think about morality in terms of human and animal well-being, viewing the experiences of conscious creatures as peaks and valleys on a "moral landscape." Because there are definite facts to be known about where we fall on this landscape, Harris foresees a time when science will no longer limit itself to merely describing what people do in the name of "morality"; in principle, science should be able to tell us what we ought to do to live the best lives possible.
Bringing a fresh perspective to age-old questions of right and wrong and good and evil, Harris demonstrates that we already know enough about the human brain and its relationship to events in the world to say that there are right and wrong answers to the most pressing questions of human life. Because such answers exist, moral relativism is simply false - and comes at increasing cost to humanity. And the intrusions of religion into the sphere of human values can be finally repelled: for just as there is no such thing as Christian physics or Muslim algebra, there can be no Christian or Muslim morality.
Using his expertise in philosophy and neuroscience, along with his experience on the front lines of our "culture wars," Harris delivers a game-changing book about the future of science and about the real basis of human cooperation.