Observing Animal Behaviour: Design and Analysis of Quantitive Controls pdf

玛丽安邮票道金斯 CBE FRS（；née Stamp；生于 1945 年 2 月 13 日）是英国生物学家，牛津大学动物行为学教授。她的研究兴趣包括鸟类视觉、动物信号、行为同步、动物意识和动物福利。 教育和职业 道金斯于 1970 年在牛津大学完成了她的哲学博士学位。她于 1977 年成为动物学讲师，并于 1998 年成为动物行为学教授。她目前（2014 年）是动物行为研究小组的负责人，并且是 John Krebs 野外实验室的主任。 研究 道金斯撰写了大量关于动物行为和动物福利问题的文章。道金斯与该领域的其他学者如伊恩·邓肯（Ian Duncan）一起提倡动物福利与动物感受有关的论点。这种方法表明了动物应该被视为有情众生的信念。道金斯写道：“让我们不要拐弯抹角：动物福利涉及动物的主观感受。 1989 年，道金斯发表了一项研究，她从上方拍摄了母鸡的常见行为（例如转身、站立、伸展翅膀）。从这些影片中，她计算出母鸡在这些行为期间所需的地面空间量，并将其与电池笼中可用的地面空间量进行比较。她能够证明，许多这些常见行为在电池笼中受到高度限制或阻止。 1990 年，她为一篇论文做出了贡献，在该论文中她提出了关于如何通过向动物提问来评估动物福利的想法。她建议使用偏好测试和消费者需求研究来询问动物喜欢什么（例如空间、社交接触）以及它们对这些的积极性有多大。她认为，如果没有为动物提供高度激励的资源，它们更有可能遭受痛苦。这些技术现在广泛用于动物福利科学。

Observing Animal Behaviour: Design and Analysis of Quantitive Controls pdf 玛丽安邮票道金斯

This book introduces the reader to the power of observation before, and sometimes instead of, experimental manipulation in the study of animal behavior. It starts with simple and easily accessible methods suitable for student projects, before going on to demonstrate the possibilities that now exist for far more sophisticated analyses of observational data. At a time when animal welfare considerations are attracting political as well as scientific debate, the potential for non-intrusive studies on animals is being increasingly recognized. Observation emerges as a valuable alternative approach, often yielding highly informative results in situations (such as on zoos, farms or for wild animals) where more invasive experimental techniques would be undesirable, unethical or just plain impossible. However, to justify its place alongside experimentation as a rigorous scientific method, observation needs to be just as disciplined and systematic and have just as much attention paid to project design in the way that observations are made and recorded. Observing Animal Behaviour takes the reader through all these stages: from the initial observations, to the formulation of hypotheses, and their subsequent testing with further systematic observations. Although designed principally as a companion text for advanced undergraduate and students taking courses in animal behavior, this accessible text will be essential reading for anyone wanting to study animal behavior using observational methods rather than experimentation, and assumes no previous knowledge of animals, statistics or scientific method. It will be of particular relevance and use to those professional researchers and consultants in the behavioral sciences who seek a compact but comprehensive introduction to the quantitative observation of animal behavior.