The accelerating universe pdf

马里奥·利维奥（Mario Livio）出生于 1945 年 6 月 19 日，他是一名以色列裔美国天体物理学家，也是普及科学和数学作品的作者。 24 年（1991-2015 年），他在太空望远镜科学研究所担任天体物理学家，该研究所负责运营哈勃太空望远镜。 他发表了 400 多篇关于宇宙学、超新星爆炸、黑洞、太阳系外行星和宇宙中生命出现等主题的科学文章。 [1] 他的关于无理数 phi 的书《黄金比例：世界上最惊人的数字 Phi 的故事》（2002 年）获得了皮亚诺奖和国际毕达哥拉斯数学通俗书籍奖。

The accelerating universe pdf 马里奥·利维奥

The accelerating universe: infinite expansion, the cosmological constant, and the beauty of the cosmos. In one of the most surprising and important findings in cosmology in the century, astronomers recently discovered that the unierse may be expanding at an ever-increasing rate. This discovery of an "accelerating universe" stunned many cosmologists because it directly contradicts their most deeply held beliefs about the evolution and fate of the universe. The discovery has therefore ignited a new revolution in cosmology in which scientists are wrestling anew with the most fundamental questions and revisiting ideas that were dismissed long ago.As leading astrophysicist Mario Livio explains in this elegantly written and timely book, most cosmologists have long believed that the universe will expand at a gradually decreasing rate until the expansion effectively stops. In this pleasing scenario, the universe is perfectly poised between expanding into oblivion or collapsing in a "big crash" and will continue on in this miraculously balanced state for eternity. The discovery that the expansion appears in fact to be speeding up - and therefore that the universe will keep expanding faster and faster for infinity - throws the view of a perfectly balanced "beautiful universe" into question. Even more troubling, it threatens the cherished belief that the fundamental laws governing the cosmos are in themselves exquisitely "beautiful," a belief that has always been a guiding light of discovery in cosmology.What can explain this accelerated expansion? Does the universe have much less mass than originally thought? Is there some exotic unknown force, or new kind of energy, causing acceleration? Was Einstein's "greatest blunder" - his idea of a cosmological constant - the right idea after all? What will the ultimate fate of the universe be? Must there be beauty in all good theories of the cosmos? Or are some of the laws governing the universe "ugly"?In an entertaining and lively exploration of the answers to all of these questions, Mario Livio introduces readers to the "old cosmology," which culminated in the view of the perfectly balanced universe, and then presents all of the ideas being explored by cosmologists in the "new cosmology" as they come to terms with the discovery of acceleration. Offering extraordinarily clear explanations of all the key concepts and theoretical ideas, Livio is a marvelous guide through this most exciting frontier in science today.