The Collected Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer pdf

亚瑟·叔本华是一位德国哲学家，通常以他对生活的悲观主义而闻名，他将生活视为“在痛苦和无聊之间摇摆的钟摆。”叔本华实际上独自生活并沉浸在他生命的大部分时间里，但他的孤独或个人痛苦并非如此，因为有人认为，这是形成他悲观人生观的主要原因。相反，叔本华的生活——至少在开始的时候——并没有我们想象的那么糟糕，可以说他有很多生活的机会安静的学术和资产阶级生活，满足人民群众。现代和古代语言，当他年轻时参加舞蹈和戏剧派对时， 他的母亲乔安娜还开设了一个沙龙，有许多知识分子参加，包括伟大的德国诗人歌德，但亚瑟经常与他的母亲不和，尤其是在他父亲去世后。 叔本华后来在柏林大学获得了博士学位，如果不是他选择——固执、勇敢，或许还很天真——在当时最杰出的德国哲学家在格奥尔格·黑格尔（Georg Hegel）讲课的时候，没有人听叔本华的话，叔本华决定辞去教书，专心写作。 叔本华在认识论、科学哲学、伦理哲学、艺术哲学等诸多问题上都提出了极富洞察力的观点，而且他的思想很谨慎，他效法德国哲学家康德喜欢描述的“伟大”，特别是在他对自己的想法进行严格的自我批评时。 他还忠于哲学，憎恨那些将其作为“自上而下的国家目的和自下而上的个人目的的工具”的人。他坚信自己的哲学著作不是为同时代人或本国人民，而是为人类，因为他相信一切有价值的事物都需要很长时间才能获得其合法性。 ) 甚至敢于将后者描述为“江湖骗子”和“精神退化”。

The Collected Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer pdf 阿瑟·舒本豪尔

When Schopenhauer was asked where he wished to be buried, he answered, "Anywhere; they will find me;" and the stone that marks his grave at Frankfort bears merely the inscription "Arthur Schopenhauer," without even the date of his birth or death. Schopenhauer, the pessimist, had a sufficiently optimistic conviction that his message to the world would ultimately be listened to a conviction that never failed him during a lifetime of disappointments, of neglect in quarters where perhaps he would have most cherished appreciation; a conviction that only showed some signs of being justified a few years before his death. Schopenhauer was no opportunist; he was not even conciliatory; he never hesitated to declare his own faith in himself, in his principles, in his philosophy; he did not ask to be listened to as a matter of courtesy but as a right for which he would struggle, for which he fought, and which has in the course of time, it may be admitted, been conceded to him.