约翰·拉斯金（John Ruskin，1819 年 2 月 8 日 - 1900 年 1 月 20 日）是英国作家、哲学家、艺术评论家和维多利亚时代的博学家。他撰写的主题多种多样，包括地质学、建筑学、神话、鸟类学、文学、教育、植物学和政治经济学。
拉斯金的写作风格和文学形式同样多种多样。他写散文和论文、诗歌和讲座、旅游指南和手册、信件甚至童话。他还对岩石、植物、鸟类、风景、建筑结构和装饰物进行了详细的素描和绘画。他最早的艺术作品所采用的精致风格及时让位于旨在更有效地传达他的想法的更简单的语言。在他所有的作品中，他都强调了自然、艺术和社会之间的联系。
拉斯金在 19 世纪下半叶和第一次世界大战期间具有巨大的影响力。在经历了一段相对衰落的时期后，自 1960 年代以来，他的声誉稳步提高，发表了许多关于他作品的学术研究。今天，他的想法和关注被广泛认为是对环保主义、可持续性和工艺的预期兴趣。
拉斯金的第一卷《现代画家》（1843 年）首次引起广泛关注，这是一篇为 J. M. W. 特纳（J. M. W. Turner）的作品辩护的长篇文章，他认为艺术家的主要角色是“对自然的真理”。从 1850 年代开始，他支持受他的思想影响的拉斐尔前派。他的工作越来越关注社会和政治问题。直到最后（1860、1862）标志着重点的转变。 1869 年，拉斯金成为牛津大学第一位斯莱德美术教授，并在那里建立了拉斯金绘画学院。 1871 年，他开始撰写月刊“致英国工人和劳工的信”，以 Fors Clavigera（1871-1884 年）为题出版。在这项复杂而深刻的个人工作过程中，他发展了他理想社会的基本原则。结果，他创立了圣乔治公会，这个组织延续至今。
The Elements of Drawing pdf 约翰·拉斯金
Can drawing -- sound, honest representation of the world as the eye sees it, not tricks with the pencil or a few effects -- be learned from a book? One of the most gifted draftsmen, who is also one of the greatest art critics and theorists of all time, answers that question with a decided Yes. He is John Ruskin, the author of this book, a classic in art education as well as a highly effective text for the student and amateur today.
The work is in three parts, cast in the form of letters to a student, successively covering First Practice, Sketching from Nature, and Colour and Composition. Starting with the bare fundamentals (what kind of drawing pen to buy; shading a square evenly), and using the extremely practical method of exercises which the student performs from the very first, Ruskin instructs, advises, guides, counsels, and anticipates problems with sensitivity. The exercises become more difficult, developing greater and greater skills until Ruskin feels his reader is ready for watercolors and finally composition, which he treats in detail as to the laws of principality, repetition, continuity, curvature, radiation, contrast, interchange, consistency, and harmony. All along the way, Ruskin explains, in plain, clear language, the artistic and craftsmanlike reasons behind his practical advice -- underlying which, of course, is Ruskin's brilliant philosophy of honest, naturally observed art which has so much affected our aesthetic.
Three full-page plates and 48 woodcuts and diagrams (the latter from drawings by the author) show the student what the text describes. An appendix devotes many pages to the art works which may be studied with profit.