The Major Transitions in Evolution

The Major Transitions in Evolution pdf

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718

语:

英语

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0

部门:

自然科学

页数:

328

部分:

生物学

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66022515 MB

书籍质量 :

出色的

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约翰·梅纳德·史密斯(John Maynard Smith,1920-2004)是英国最杰出的进化生物学家之一。他的职业生涯跨越了半个世纪,先是在伦敦大学学院,然后从 1965 年在苏塞克斯大学。在伊顿公学、剑桥大学(在那里他获得了工程学的第一个学位,在第二次世界大战期间和之后短暂地担任过飞机压力员)和伦敦大学学院接受教育,他表现出非凡的辨别和描述生物学问题以及“计算总和”的能力: Maynard Smith 将他的数学能力和对模型的信任从他早期的教育和培训中带入了生物学。 在伦敦大学学院,他学习并后来在霍尔丹手下工作,霍尔丹是新达尔文主义的创始人之一(达尔文的自然选择理论与孟德尔遗传学的结合)。在 Helen Spurway 的实验室里,Maynard Smith 研究了果蝇 Drosophila subobscura 的遗传学,后来解决了衰老和性问题。搬到苏塞克斯后,他越来越关注理论问题,并于 1973 年与 George R Price 一起发表了一篇关于“动物冲突的逻辑”的开创性论文。这篇论文结合了进化生物学和经济学(博弈论)的思想,提出了一种研究动物行为的新方法:在进化博弈论中,个体动物像游戏中的玩家一样相互竞争。 1999 年,梅纳德·史密斯因其在进化博弈论方面的工作而获得克拉福德奖(生物学上相当于诺贝尔奖)。 梅纳德·史密斯(Maynard Smith)还以成功地向更广泛的公众传播进化生物学而闻名,他于 1958 年撰写了他的第一本书《进化论》。他出版了各种论文集和《生命的起源》(1999 年),这是《观鸟者》的“观鸟者”版本。他的一本书更多地针对专业读者(均与 Eörs Szathmáry 合着)。从 1960 年代开始,他经常出现在广播和电视上,并且是广播节目 Who Knows? 的常客,其中一个小组回答了公众提出的问题。

书的描述

The Major Transitions in Evolution pdf 约翰·梅纳德·史密斯

Over the history of life there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies, and the unique language ability of humans. This ambitious book provides the first unified discussion of the full range of these transitions. The authors highlight the similarities between different transitions--between the union of replicating molecules to form chromosomes and of cells to form multicellular organisms, for example--and show how understanding one transition sheds light on others. They trace a common theme throughout the history of evolution: after a major transition some entities lose the ability to replicate independently, becoming able to reproduce only as part of a larger whole. The authors investigate this pattern and why selection between entities at a lower level does not disrupt selection at more complex levels. Their explanation encompasses a compelling theory of the evolution of cooperation at all levels of complexity. Engagingly written and filled with numerous illustrations, this book can be read with enjoyment by anyone with an undergraduate training in biology. It is ideal for advanced discussion groups on evolution and includes accessible discussions of a wide range of topics, from molecular biology and linguistics to insect societies.

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