The Science of Animal Welfare: Understanding What Animals Want pdf

玛丽安邮票道金斯 CBE FRS（；née Stamp；生于 1945 年 2 月 13 日）是英国生物学家，牛津大学动物行为学教授。她的研究兴趣包括鸟类视觉、动物信号、行为同步、动物意识和动物福利。 教育和职业 道金斯于 1970 年在牛津大学完成了她的哲学博士学位。她于 1977 年成为动物学讲师，并于 1998 年成为动物行为学教授。她目前（2014 年）是动物行为研究小组的负责人，并且是 John Krebs 野外实验室的主任。 研究 道金斯撰写了大量关于动物行为和动物福利问题的文章。道金斯与该领域的其他学者如伊恩·邓肯（Ian Duncan）一起提倡动物福利与动物感受有关的论点。这种方法表明了动物应该被视为有情众生的信念。道金斯写道：“让我们不要拐弯抹角：动物福利涉及动物的主观感受。 1989 年，道金斯发表了一项研究，她从上方拍摄了母鸡的常见行为（例如转身、站立、伸展翅膀）。从这些影片中，她计算出母鸡在这些行为期间所需的地面空间量，并将其与电池笼中可用的地面空间量进行比较。她能够证明，许多这些常见行为在电池笼中受到高度限制或阻止。 1990 年，她为一篇论文做出了贡献，在该论文中她提出了关于如何通过向动物提问来评估动物福利的想法。她建议使用偏好测试和消费者需求研究来询问动物喜欢什么（例如空间、社交接触）以及它们对这些的积极性有多大。她认为，如果没有为动物提供高度激励的资源，它们更有可能遭受痛苦。这些技术现在广泛用于动物福利科学。

The Science of Animal Welfare: Understanding What Animals Want pdf 玛丽安邮票道金斯

What is animal welfare? Why has it proved so difficult to find a definition that everyone can agree on? This concise and accessible guide is for anyone who is interested in animals and who has wondered how we can assess their welfare scientifically. It defines animal welfare as 'health and animals having what they want', a definition that can be easily understood by scientists and non-scientists alike, expresses in simple words what underlies many existing definitions, and shows what evidence we need to collect to improve animal welfare in practice. Above all, it puts the animal's own point of view at the heart of an assessment of its welfare. But, can we really understand what animals want? A consistent theme running through the book is that not only is it possible to establish what animals want, but that this information is vital in helping us to make sense of the long and often confusing list of welfare measures that are now in use such as 'stress' and 'feel good hormones', expressive sounds and gestures, natural behaviour, cognitive bias, and stereotypies. Defining welfare as 'health and what animals want' allows us to distinguish between measures that are simply what an animal does when it is alert, aroused, or active and those measures that genuinely allow us to distinguish between situations the animals themselves see as positive or negative. Sentience (conscious feelings of pleasure, pain, and suffering) is for many people the essence of what is meant by welfare, but studying consciousness is notoriously difficult, particularly in non-human species. These difficulties are discussed in the context of our current - and as yet incomplete - knowledge of human and animal consciousness. Finally, the book highlights some key ideas in the relationship between animal welfare science and animal ethics and shows how closely the well-being of humans is linked to that of other animals. The Science of Animal Welfare is an ideal companion for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in animal behaviour and welfare, as well as for professional researchers, practitioners and animal welfare consultants. At the same time, it is easily understandable to non-scientists and anyone without prior knowledge but with an interest in animals and the rapidly evolving science of animal welfare.