The World as Will and Representation: volume 1

The World as Will and Representation: volume 1 pdf

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哲学

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亚瑟·叔本华是一位德国哲学家,通常以他对生活的悲观主义而闻名,他将生活视为“在痛苦和无聊之间摇摆的钟摆。”叔本华实际上独自生活并沉浸在他生命的大部分时间里,但他的孤独或个人痛苦并非如此,因为有人认为,这是形成他悲观人生观的主要原因。相反,叔本华的生活——至少在开始的时候——并没有我们想象的那么糟糕,可以说他有很多生活的机会安静的学术和资产阶级生活,满足人民群众。现代和古代语言,当他年轻时参加舞蹈和戏剧派对时, 他的母亲乔安娜还开设了一个沙龙,有许多知识分子参加,包括伟大的德国诗人歌德,但亚瑟经常与他的母亲不和,尤其是在他父亲去世后。 叔本华后来在柏林大学获得了博士学位,如果不是他选择——固执、勇敢,或许还很天真——在当时最杰出的德国哲学家在格奥尔格·黑格尔(Georg Hegel)讲课的时候,没有人听叔本华的话,叔本华决定辞去教书,专心写作。 叔本华在认识论、科学哲学、伦理哲学、艺术哲学等诸多问题上都提出了极富洞察力的观点,而且他的思想很谨慎,他效法德国哲学家康德喜欢描述的“伟大”,特别是在他对自己的想法进行严格的自我批评时。 他还忠于哲学,憎恨那些将其作为“自上而下的国家目的和自下而上的个人目的的工具”的人。他坚信自己的哲学著作不是为同时代人或本国人民,而是为人类,因为他相信一切有价值的事物都需要很长时间才能获得其合法性。 ) 甚至敢于将后者描述为“江湖骗子”和“精神退化”。

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The World as Will and Representation: volume 1 pdf 阿瑟·舒本豪尔

Schopenhauer is one of the great original writers of the nineteenth century, and a unique voice in the history of thought. His central concept of the will leads him to regard human beings as striving irrationally and suffering in a world that has no purpose, a condition redeemed by the elevation of aesthetic consciousness and finally overcome by the will’s self-denial and a mystical vision of the self as one with the world as a whole. He is in some ways the most progressive post-Kantian, an atheist with profound ideas about the human essence and the meaning of existence which point forward to Nietzsche, Freud and existentialism. He was also the first major Western thinker to seek a synthesis with Eastern thought. Yet at the same time he undertakes an ambitious global metaphysics of a conservative, more or less pre-Kantian kind, and is driven by a Platonic vision of escape from empirical reality into a realm of higher knowledge.

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